d'OpenAI foundational generative pre-trained transformer modèle qui established unsupervised pre-training followed par supervised ajustement fin.
Technical Specifications
- Provider
- OpenAI
- Category
- historical
- Release Date
- 2018-06
- Batch API Discount
- Standard rate
- Consumer Subscription
- Free / Self-Hosted
- Reasoning Effort Control
- Fixed
- Structured Outputs
- No
- Output Modalities
- text
- Official Documentation
- Visit Official Docs ↗
Data Privacy, Licensing & Deployment Governance
Official Provider Release Intelligence, API Quotas & Agentic Specs
- Official API Model ID (SDK String)
- gpt-1
- Supported SDK & API Protocol
- OpenAI Responses API & Chat Completions v1
- Lifecycle & Deprecation Status
- Legacy Stable (Upgrade path available in OpenAI lineup)
- Production Rate Limits (RPM & TPM)
- Unlimited (Hardware-bound on self-hosted GPU) / 10,000 RPM Cloud · Unlimited local throughput / 10M+ TPM Managed Cloud
- Long-Context Pricing Tier (>128K / >200K)
- Free across full context window (only KV-cache VRAM scales)
- Prompt Cache Write & TTL Policy
- Automatic prefix KV-caching in vLLM / SGLang (0 cost)
- Computer Use & Browser GUI Agent
- Text-only completion (No GUI action loop)
- MCP & Parallel Tool Calling
- Prompt-based JSON extraction only
- Web Search Grounding & Code Sandbox
- Native Web Search tool + Hosted Code Interpreter & File Search RAG
- Fine-Tuning & Distillation Support
- Full Weights SFT, LoRA, QLoRA, DPO & GRPO RL (Unsloth / Axolotl / Llama-Factory)
- Multimodal Tokenization Billing
- Text BPE (~4 chars/token)
- Weights Precision & Quantization
- BF16 / FP16, FP8 Dynamic, INT4 AWQ / GPTQ, GGUF (Q4_K_M / Q8_0)
- Minimum GPU VRAM Requirement
- 2 GB VRAM (4-bit Quantized) · 4 GB VRAM (Native BF16)
- Supported Inference Engines
- vLLM, SGLang, Ollama, llama.cpp, TensorRT-LLM, HuggingFace TGI
- System Card & Safety Framework
- OpenAI Preparedness Framework Audited & System Card Published
- Enterprise Compliance (SOC2 / HIPAA / ZDR)
- 100% Air-Gapped On-Premises / Private VPC · Full HIPAA, GDPR & SOC2 Control
GPT-1 Cost, Context, Hardware & API Integration
Open-weights or free-tier model: $0 API license cost when self-hosted.
Same Monthly Workload Cost Across Popular Reference Models
Live Prompt Paste Tokenizer & Cost Counter
Paste real system instructions, JSON schemas, or code to measure BPE token counts across tokenizers.
Hybrid Prompt Routing Cascade Simulator
Route routine queries to a fast lightweight model ($0.15/1M) and escalate only complex reasoning turns to GPT-1:
Benchmark Scores & 6-Axis Capability Radar
- MMLU-Pro
- 8.5%
- Chatbot Arena Elo
- 600pts
Strengths
- Proved unsupervised pre-training transferability à diverse NLP benchmarks
- Foundation de tous moderne GPT et transformer autoregressive modèles
- Demonstrated natural langue compréhension à travers GLUE datasets
Limitations & Trade-offs
- limité à 512-token fenêtre de contexte
- manque de conversationnel alignment et instruction tuning
Editorial Assessment
le historic starting point de moderne generative AI qui validated le transformer pre-training paradigm.
Best for: académique historical recherche et compréhension le roots de moderne transformer architectures
Compare GPT-1
Frequently Asked Questions about GPT-1
How much does the GPT-1 API cost per 1M tokens?+
GPT-1 by OpenAI is priced at $0 per 1M input tokens and $0 per 1M output tokens. With prompt caching enabled, cached input tokens cost $0 per 1M tokens, and asynchronous Batch API requests receive a 0% discount.
Should I use a $20/month subscription or the GPT-1 pay-as-you-go API?+
A flat $20/month consumer subscription is predictable for daily interactive chat and manual coding. However, if you are building software, running automated workflows, or sending low-to-moderate volume with prompt caching enabled, the pay-as-you-go API is typically far more cost-effective and offers higher rate limits without manual UI caps.
How many words and pages fit in GPT-1's context window?+
GPT-1 features a 1K tokens context window, which equals approximately 384 English words or ~1 standard single-spaced pages in a single prompt. Its maximum output generation per turn is 512 tokens.
Can I run GPT-1 locally on my own GPU (Open Weights)?+
Yes, GPT-1 (117M) releases open weights that can be self-hosted locally or on private cloud GPUs using vLLM, Ollama, SGLang, or llama.cpp.
Does OpenAI train on data sent to the GPT-1 API, and is commercial use allowed?+
100% Isolated when self-hosted on private GPUs or VPC. License tier: Open-Weights Research & Commercial License. Full commercial ownership of generated outputs. Supported deployment channels include: Self-Hosted GPU (vLLM / Ollama), Private VPC, or Managed Serverless API.
How does GPT-1 perform on coding and reasoning benchmarks?+
GPT-1 achieves a composite Intelligence Index of 5/100, scoring N/A% on SWE-bench Verified, N/A% on GPQA Diamond, 8.5% on MMLU-Pro, and 600 pts on Chatbot Arena Elo.
What is GPT-1 best used for?+
GPT-1 is best suited for: académique historical recherche et compréhension le roots de moderne transformer architectures. Assessment: le historic starting point de moderne generative AI qui validated le transformer pre-training paradigm.
OpenAI Family Lineage, Routing Tiers & Upgrade Path
Step down to a lighter sibling for high-volume routing or step up to OpenAI's flagship reasoning tier:
GPT-6 Astra
GPT-6.1 Sol
GPT-6 Sol
GPT-6 Luna
GPT-5.6 Sol
GPT-5.6 Terra
AI Glossary & Architecture Concepts
View full glossary →Key machine learning concepts and benchmarks relevant to GPT-1:
L'unité textuelle de base traitée par un modèle linguistique, représentant généralement 3 à 4 caractères ou environ 0,75 mot. Par exemple, une phrase courante est découpée en plusieurs jetons.
Une suite de tests standardisés permettant d'évaluer et de comparer objectivement les performances des modèles d'IA sur des tâches ciblées (code avec SWE-bench, mathématiques avec AIME, etc.).
Le nombre maximal de jetons qu'un modèle peut traiter simultanément (entrée et sortie comprises). Une fenêtre de 1 000 000 jetons permet d'analyser environ 750 000 mots en une seule requête.
L'architecture de réseau neuronal introduite en 2017 à la base des LLM modernes, utilisant l'auto-attention pour traiter tous les jetons en parallèle plutôt que séquentiellement.
Les scores de benchmarks, tarifs par token et limites évoluent rapidement. Vérifiez toujours les spécifications actuelles sur la documentation officielle du fournisseur.
Sources: OpenAI research paper: Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training (2018)↗